The ability of an adversary to manipulate the content of data stored on networks is an “emerging art of war in cyberspace,” former National Security Agency director and retired Gen. Keith Alexander told FCW Oct. 22. “You can think of it as stealth radar or making planes disappear or appear,” Alexander said in an interview. “And, theoretically, you can do that.” The former joint leader of NSA and U.S. Cyber Command said altering health records and military intelligence are two forms of data manipulation that he sees on the horizon. On the military front, he offered the scenario of a soldier mapping a battlefield digitally “only to find out that the brigade that you’re focusing on is not really there.”

https://fcw.com/articles/2015/10/22/alexander-data-manipulation.aspx